The Blood glucose monitoring is important for determining glucose in the blood specially the Patients with diabetes should monitor their blood glucose levels or blood sugar level regularly. Abnormal (High or Low) glucose readings could have drastic effects on health of the patient. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary for people with diabetes control their blood glucose regularly to avoid even more health-related complications. To strengthen the use and sale of glucose monitors now a day many manufacturers offering completely free various types of glucose monitor to patients.
The American Red Cross and the American Diabetes Organization are the best places to be able to donate the monitor. Some may receive all or they can provide the name and location of the other organization that will require extra in your area. Clean and disinfection is very essential before you handed over it to different organization. Many community clinics and health care centers will be happy to receive donations of this kind. Similarly the mission who’s aim is to provide medical services may find this particularly useful because their funds are limited, you could always use a little help from the generous individuals. These blood glucose monitors can be deposited in various churches in your area. One of the most valuable tools used to monitor glucose is the glucometer. There are a variety of blood glucose monitors for diabetics offered, but the operational principle is practically the same for everyone. A sample of blood using a lancet (amounts depend on the device) and placed on a strip of blood glucose, are inserted into the meter, in a short time (5-10 sec.) the meter provides a record and a digital display of blood sugar level. A chart of blood glucose (log) is usually an essential part of your monitoring needs. The table is used to keep a daily record of your blood sugar level in the blood, this chart/ record may be useful for you and your doctor.
This method will help professionals to identify patterns on a daily basis and make any necessary changes to medicines for the treatment of diabetes and his Diet plan.
Diabetes is a incurable health problem, it cannot be cured completely but it can be control. The majority doctors do not always understand what the causes are - but happen to be the opportunity to make medicines and special equipment to help, manage and maintain it through this cause more problems. When you cannot control the disease it affects the vital organs and limbs that can stop working or may be taken away.
When a person is buying a new blood sugar monitor keep an eye on, or believe he do not need to use it, but he can always make an effort to donate it to another person. There are many people who need it - but they cannot afford it because their insurance doesn’t support.
Diabetic Patients using glucose meter to should know how to record the glucose reading as part of their every day management should to learn to keep the test results and how to help save them .
Blood glucose monitoring in your house is not very difficult, but it must be remembered that the blood glucose meters are less reliable over time and must be carefully examined before use. The new models of monitors blood glucose is easier to use and more perfect. The strips only require a small drop of blood and are corrected by the principles of plasma. The results are quicker to understand and compare, while using the lab results. Internal memory for storage and performance test times faster makes these meters very attractive.
Check the expiration date on the tape. Use the tape with the counter and do the prescribed code of the container belt is your number encoded in the equipment. Otherwise you can get false readings.
With the passage of time, our lifestyle has changed a lot. Today, most of us lead a busy and hectic life and the more we try to ecel, the more we pose a danger to our health. Of all the organs, our heart is most severely affected by the stress. Regular exercise can guarantee safety for the heart. There is no better way to improve the efficiency of the heart than exercise. Remember the following facts :
- Heart is like a muscle that works better when it is in shape.
- Exercise makes it stronger, helping it to pump more blood.
- A healthy heart can pump a large amount of blood with fewer heart-beats than an unhealthy heart does.
- During exercise, blood is pumped at a much faster rate - as much as 20 times the normal volume of blood.
- Cardiovascular or aerobic exercises target the large muscles of the body and create an increased demand for oxygen.
- Exercise - such as walking, cycling, jogging and swimming - improves the circulatory and pulmonary systems.
- Five to six days a week, we must think of 20-60 minutes of continuous activity of an intensity of 55% to 90% of maximum heart rate.
- Those who have undergone a bypass surgery or angioplasty, can simply start by walking. They can, however, increase it gradually.
- Heart rate must be monitored when one indulges in exercise, to keep track of its prescribed limit.
- For specific exercise recommendations a physician should be consulted.
Mouth nourishes a population of commensal microorganisms which is normally controlled by the reasonable standard of oral hygiene. If it is neglected bacterial population may proliferate and this causes stomatitis. Stomatitis may occur when resistance to commensal population is lowered by disease, particularly in immune-compromised host. Stomatitis can also be due to nutritional deficiencies or some other factors.
Ulcerative Stamatitis (vincent’s infection):- It occurs mainly in adults with malnutrition and poor dental hygiene. Ulcers with ragged necrotic margins occur particularly on gums. It may involve palate, lips or inner aspects of cheeks. Ulcers are covered by grey slough surrounded by erythematous margin. The stained smear shows several spirochaetes and fusiform bacilli. Those organisms are present in small number in normal commensal population of mouth and condition may be regarded as endogenous infection because of impairment of the host resistance. That condition is infectious, so that patient’s food vessels and the cutlery should be sterilized. This is treated with metronidazole (200mg 8hourly for 4 days) or penicillin.
Viral Infections: - Herpes Simplex type 1 may cause recurrent problems of the herpes Labialis in normal individuals. It may cause much more severe stomatitis in AIDS.
Candidosis:- Fungus ‘candida albicans’ is normal commensal in mouth. It may proliferate to cause thrush in babies, in aged and especially in debilitated patients. The thrush is common in those receiving prolonged treatment with oral antibiotics and in patients who are immuno suppressed by the corticosteroids or AIDS. White patches appear on tongue and buccal mucosa also may enlarge. There is a little surrounding inflammation. During severe infection the pharynx and the oesophagus may be affected causing dysphagia.
Stomatitis due to deficiency of nutritional factors: - It may arise directly from insufficient intake or indirectly as the result of impaired absorption of vitamins, particularly niacin, folic acid, riboflavin and vitamin B. When this deficiency is acute and severe the tongue is red, raw and also painful because of atrophy of papillae. Tongue appears to be moist and unduly clean when the deficiency is less severe and chronic. The angular stomatitis sometimes accompanies glossitis particularly in case of gross iron deficiency. During severe vitamin C deficiency gums become swollen and spongy.
Aphthous Ulceration: - It is a common recurrent condition of the unknown aetiology characterized by painful superficial ulcers in mouth. Lesion begins as indurated erythematous area in one day or so by ulceration. Ulcers are often multiple and also remain painful for about one week before healing commences. They can recur every few weeks. The emotional stress may also precipitate an attack. In many women ulcers tend to recur in the cyclical fashion during premenstrual phase. When most of the patients are healthy, severe chronic aphthous ulceration can be found in association with Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, coeliac disease and Behcet’s syndrome.
Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate lozenges (2.5mg, 8 hourly) can be effective at early stage of the lesions. The pain may be reduced with tropical anesthetics. The secondary infection can be controlled with tetracycline mouth washer. Suspension of sucralfate can be tried for healing.
Other forms of stomatitis: - Allergic reaction to the chemicals in some toothpaste, destures, foodstuffs and many drugs, particularly antibiotics, may cause stomatitis. Blue-black punctuate line may be visible where gum margins adjoin teeth in lead poisoning. Skin diseases like lichen planus, pemphigus and erythema multiforme involve mouth often before being visible on the skin. The stomatitis may also be the manifestation of blood dyscrasias.
Pancreas Division (Dominal Dorsal Duct Syndrome): - This problem occurs in up to 10% of the whole population. It results from dorsal and ventral pancreas to unite. Consequently most of the pancreas is drained through accessory papilla that is proximal to papilla of Vater. These types of patients are more prone to pancreatitis for condition appears to be associated with stenosis of opening of one or other papilla.
Diagnosis in made via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
Annular Pancreas: - Ventral pancreas surrounds the second part of duodenum and it is frequently associated with other congenital defects such as mal-rotation of intestine, artesian and cardiac defects. Pancreas may constrict duodenum causing obstruction soon after the birth or in adult life. This may predispose to duodenal ulcer and acute pancreatitis. Diagnosis is made by barium studies and treatment is surgical bypass of constriction.
Ectopic Pancreatic Tissue: - It may occur in gastric antrum or duodenum and it takes the form of smooth nodule. It is normally asymptomatic and it does not require any treatment. If it is found coincidentally during surgery, the nodule is excised for it is subject to same conditions including carcinoma, as the pancreas itself.
Pathology: - The pathological findings and clinical features result from obstruction by abnormal viscid secretion of the ducts in salivary glands, digestive and biliary tracts and pancreas causing atrophy
Clinical Features: - The exocrine insufficiency leading to steatorrhoea and diarrhea is almost universal in childhood. If patient survives to adulthood, malabsortion tends to be less troublesome. The intestinal obstruction, commonly called “meconium ileus equivalent”, may occur in the children and in the adults, caused by inspissated food and secretions. Rectal prolapse is frequent in children because of the large bulky stools and frequent coughing. The recurrent episodes of the acute pancreatitis may also occur. The incidence of the diabetes mellitus increases with the age. Chronic pancreatitis may supervene. The disease of liver or biliary tract may occur.
Investigation: - The gastrointestinal problems are investigated according to suspected problems. There may be disorder in the gut epithelium and pancreas. 80% of the patients with cystic fibrosis have both pulmonary disease and pancreatic disease. But 15% patients have lung sepsis with clearly normal pancreatic function.
Management: - Optimal treatment in adolescent and adult depends on a team approach to the complicated respiratory, nutritional and hepatobiliary problems. Many treatment centers have established special clinics for such kind of patients with specialist care. Read more…
Dyspnoea or breathlessness can be defined as the unpleasant subjective awareness of sensation of breathing. It is the common symptom of the cardiac disease and the respiratory disease. In physiological terms, the patients usually perceive discomfort either from the increased ventilatory rate or drive, that can be provoked by the variety of factors or from a disease that causes enough reduction of ventilatory capacity. Other factors, including stimulations of J receptor leading to the amplification of ventilatory response in asthma or restrictive disorders, can also contribute.
It is obvious that diseases having dyspnoea may have a multifacteral etiology e.g., acute respiratory infections can stimulate respiratory rate as a result of fever, hypoxaemia and in serious cases, by acidoemia or hypercapnia. They can also reduce ventilatory capacity by increasing the bronchial resistance and also by restricting the ventilation because of pleural pain.
Different diagnosis in Patients with chronic Exertional Dyspnoea: -
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): -Very often there is a history of exertional dyspnoea over many years or months, with steady chronic decline exercise capacity. Chronic persistence cough and the daily production of sputum is the common rule and they can be a history of recurrent acute exacerbations of bronchitis. Wheezing on exercise can be prominent. In the late disease, especially if corpulmonale develops, orthopnoea, nocturnal breathlessness and ankle swelling many also supervene.
On Investigation, cyanosis may be at rest or on the trivial exertion, together with the expiratory wheeze, pursing of lips and intercostals indrawing, Antero-posterior diameter of chest may be increased and they may also be a reduced crico-sternal distance with ‘tracheal tug’ on inspiration. Chest radiograph shows signs of hyperinflation and bullae, arterial blood gases may expose hypoxaemia, hypercapnia and the raised plasma bicarbonate. There will often be the severe obstructive defeat on the spirometry which may or may not improve after the inhaled bronchodilators.
Heart Disease: - Sometime it is difficult to differentiate dyspnoea due to the heart disease. History of cough, wheezing and the nocturnal breathlessness may also occur in the cardiac failure as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. History of angina or hypertension can be useful in implicating the cardiac cause. On investigation an increase in the heart size as judged by a displaced apex beat, the raised JVP and the cardiac murmurs may implicate cardiac disease. Chest radiograph and the ECG may provide the evidence of left ventricular or the arterial enlargement. Read more…
